Conflicts & nonlawyer staff

This situation arose this week via inquiry:

  • Mike – we’ve been approached by a prospective client who is getting divorced.  The spouse’s business deals are a significant issue in the divorce.  Our paralegal used to work at the firm that is representing the prospective client’s spouse. The paralegal may have worked on some business deals for prospective client’s spouse.  Can we represent the prospective client in the divorce?

What say ye?

  • A.  No. Paralegal has a conflict and it’s imputed to every lawyer in the caller’s firm
  • B.  Yes.
  • C.  Yes, because even if paralegal has a conflict, it is not imputed to the lawyers in the caller’s firm. Of course, paralegal must not have any involvement with the divorce or share information about spouse’s business deals.
  • D.  Mike, the answer is “C,” but you probably shared some practical reasons for the caller to think twice about representing the prospective client.

Rule 1.10 is our rule on imputed conflicts.  Per Rule 1.10(a), most of a lawyer’s conflicts are imputed to all other lawyers in the same firm.  Essentially, if Mike can’t represent potential client, neither can any of the lawyers in Mike’s firm.

There are exceptions.  And one covers Mike’s paralegal.

Here’s the first line of Comment [4] to Rule 1.10:

  • “The rule in paragraph (a) also does not prohibit representation by others in the law firm where the person prohibited from involvement in a matter is a nonlawyer, such as a paralegal or legal secretary.”

The Comment continues:

  • “Such persons, however, ordinarily must be screened from any personal participation in the matter to avoid communication to others in the firm of confidential information that both the nonlawyers and the firm have a legal duty to protect.”

This is not a new development in the law of lawyering.  Indeed, the oldest available advisory opinion from the VBA’s Professional Responsibility Committee is Opinion 78-02. In it, the Committee opined:

  • “A firm is not disqualified from handling a case because a paralegal employed in the firm formerly was enrolled in a paralegal training clinic which provided representation to an opposing party in litigation handled by the firm even though the paralegal had some involvement in that representation as long as the paralegal has no present involvement in the case and conveys no confidential information to firm attorneys.”

So, here again is the question I asked above:

What say ye?

  • A.  No. Paralegal has a conflict and it’s imputed to every lawyer in the caller’s firm
  • B.  Yes.
  • C.  Yes, because even if paralegal has a conflict, it is not imputed to the lawyers in the caller’s firm. Of course, paralegal must not have any involvement with the divorce or share information about spouse’s business deals.
  • D.  Mike, the answer is “C,” but you probably shared some practical reasons for the caller to think twice about representing the prospective client.

Under the rule, “C” is correct.  However, there are practical reasons that the caller should think twice about handling the prospective client’s divorce. So, “D” is the best answer.

Using the hypo as a construct, here are two practical considerations that I often share with lawyers who call to discuss potential conflicts.  There might be others.

  1. Even if it isn’t a conflict, do you want to deal with spouse filing a disciplinary complaint against you?
  2. Even if it isn’t a conflict, if the other side moves to disqualify you and your firm, it will cost the prospective client time and money.

Conflicts can be tough.  Don’t hesitate to call if you want to talk one through.

See the source image

 

 

Manage expecations with candid legal advice

In November 2017, I posted The 50 Original Rules.  It’s a recap of the history of the conduct rules that apply to lawyers.

As best as I can tell, the earliest record of guidelines for attorney conduct in the United States is David Hoffman’s 1836 publication of his Fifty Resolutions in Regard to Professional Deportment.  My post includes each of Hoffman’s 50 resolutions.

182 years later, it’s somewhat fascinating to me how many of Hoffman’s resolutions continue to resonate.  Many are embedded in the rules and our collective professional conscience.  Given my fascination, I’ve resolved to blog about the continued relevance of Hoffman’s resolutions, taking them one at a time.  So far:

  1. Don’t be a jerk.
  2. Don’t switch sides.
  3. Don’t overcomplicate trust accounting.
  4. Deliver the file
  5. Resolve to be a mentor
  6. Be Diligent

Today’s tip: manage expectations by providing candid legal advice.

Here’s Hoffman’s Resolution 31:

  • “All opinions for clients, verbal or written, shall be my opinions, deliberately and sincerely given, and never venal and flattering offerings to their wishes or their vanity. And though clients sometimes have the folly to be better pleased with having their views confirmed by an erroneous opinion than their wishes or hopes thwarted by a sound one, yet such assentation is dishonest and unprofessional. Counsel, in giving opinions, whether they perceive this weakness in their clients or not, should act as judges, responsible to God and man, as also especially to their employers, to advise them soberly, discreetly, and honestly, to the best of their ability, though the certain consequence be the loss of large prospective gains.”

I’m using the exact quote.  To be clear, I’m not suggesting that competent representation includes being responsible to God or any other deity.  Again, I was simply quoting Hoffman.

The rest of Resoluton 31 is as relevant today as it was in 1836.  Candid legal advice is always a better option than telling the client what the client wants to hear.

I’ve written often on managing client expectations:

In my experience, the lawyer who fails to set reasonable expectations at the outset of the representation should expect to have the client file a disciplinary complaint.

False hope leads to disappointment.  Even if the result is as good as the client should have expected from the outset, the client likely will be disappointed if the result pales in comparison to what the lawyer suggested the outcome would be.  Don’t fall into that trap.  As Hoffman said, “[a]nd though clients sometimes have the folly to be better pleased with having their views confirmed by an erroneous opinion than their wishes or hopes thwarted by a sound one, yet such assentation is dishonest and unprofessional.”

Better to thwart unreasonable hopes with sound advice than to nurture their growth.

Manage expectations by providing candid legal advice.  If you don’t, the client will insert your name into the Blank Space on a disciplinary complaint.

Don’t say I didn’t say I didn’t warn ya.

Image result for taylor swift blank space images

 

 

 

Monday Morning Answers

Monday, Monday. Can’t trust that day.

Friday’s quiz is here.  The answers follow today’s Honor Roll.

Honor Roll

  • Karen Allen, Esq.
  • Mr. & Mrs. Hadley V. Baxendale
  • Alberto Bernabe, Professor, John Marshall Law School
  • Erin GilmoreRyan Smith & Carbine
  • Bob Grundstein, Esq.
  • Mark HeymanGeneral Counsel, Logic Supply
  • Glenn Jarrett, Jarrett & Luitjens
  • Keith KasperMcCormick, Fitzpatrick, Kasper & Burchard
  • Jeanne Kennedy, Mom, JB Kennedy Associates
  • Patrick Kennedy, First Brother, My Web Grocer
  • John LeddyMcNeil, Leddy, & Sheahan
  • Jordana LevineMarsicovetere & Levine
  • Matthew Little, Esq.
  • Pam Loginsky, Washington Association of Prosecuting Attorneys
  • Lon McClintockMcClintock Law Offices
  • Jack McCullough, Project Director, Vermont Legal Aid Mental Health Law Project
  • Hal Miller, First American
  • Jim Runcie, Ouimette & Runcie
  • Jonathan Teller-Elsberg, Vermont Law School, Class of 2020, Staff Editor, Law Review
  • Thomas Wilkinson, Jr., Cozen O’Connor
  • Zachary York, Vermont Superior Court, Chittenden Civil & Criminal

Answers

Question 1

I often refer to the duty of competence.

True or false:  a lawyer may accept representation where the requisite level of competence can be achieved by reasonable preparation.

TRUE.  Rule 1.1, Comment 4

Question 2

Lawyer and Client agree to form a lawyer-client relationship.  Lawyer and Client have never before entered into a lawyer-client relationship.  The agreement is for an hourly fee.  Which is most accurate?

  • A.   the agreement must be in writing
  • B.   the agreement must be in a writing that is signed by the client
  • C.   the scope of the representation & basis of the fee shall be communicated to the client, preferably in writing, before the Lawyer commences the representation
  • D.  the scope of the representation & basis of the fee shall be communicated to the client, preferably in writing, before or within a reasonable time after Lawyer commences the representation.  Rule 1.5(b).

Question 3

Which does not belong with the others?

  • A.  each affected client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing
  • B.  the lawyer reasonably believes the lawyer will be able to provide competent & diligent representation to each client
  • C.  the representation does not involve the assertion of a claim by one client against another in the same litigation
  • D.  the division is in proportion to the services performed by each lawyer or each lawyer assumes joint responsibility for the representation.

A, B , C appear in Rule 1.7(b)’s standard on when a conflict can be waived.  D is in Rule 1.5(e),  the rule that applies when a lawyer shares a fee with a lawyer who works in a different firm.

Question 4

There’s only one rule that requires a lawyer to include a specific phrase on certain types of communications.  What’s the phrase?

  • A.   Advertising Material.  Rule 7.3(c)
  • B.   Of Counsel
  • C.   Pro Bono
  • D.   Pro Se

Question 5

As I mentioned, I often refer to the duty of competence.  For some, the ultimate in competence is the utter evisceration of a witness on cross-examination.

The O.J. Simpson criminal trial started 24 years ago today.  F. Lee Bailey, who has since been disbarred for reasons unrelated to OJ, was on Simpson’s so-called “Dream Team.”  Bailey’s cross-examination of one of the investigating officers is legendary.

Among other things, during the cross-examination, Bailey got the investigating officer to invoke the privilege against self-incrimination when asked if he had planted or manufactured evidence in the case.

Who was the investigating officer?

Mark Fuhrman

Not all agree that the cross-examination was effective.  For instance, see this article in the New York Times.

See the source image

Five for Friday #148

Welcome to Friday!

I’m going off script this week.  In a few paragraphs, I’m going to turn the introduction to the quiz over to a lawyer who wishes to remain anonymous.  Here’s the backstory.

On March 3, 2016, I posted Lawyers Helping LawyersThe post referenced the ABA’s release of a study it did with the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, a study that found “substantial and widespread levels of problem drinking and other behavioral health problems in the U.S. legal profession.”  Ever since, whether on this blog or at continuing legal education seminars, I’ve taken every opportunity to call attention to the problem.

Overall, the response has been positive.  But it took a while.

Throughout 2016 and much of 2017, blog posts and presentations were met with silence. Not necessarily out of disinterest, but out of what appeared to be a reluctance to accept that we have a problem.

That’s changed.

It’s changed in big ways.  For instance, the Vermont Commission on the Well-Being of the Legal Profession recently released its State Action Plan.

It’s also changed in small ways.  Beginning in late 2017, various groups and offices started inviting me to speak on attorney wellness. Now, wherever I go, legal professionals not only accept that we have a problem, they’re working on addressing it within their firms and offices.

But not everyone has changed.  It’s not uncommon for someone to tell me something like “why do you keep bringing this up? It’s not ethics and just puts the profession in a bad light.”

I suppose ignoring it casts the profession in a positive light.

Still, the detractors got me thinking.  And, in last Friday’s post Under Pressure, I alluded to wondering whether I raise the issue too much.

A lawyer e-mailed in response to the post.  The lawyer consented to having me publish the e-mail without revealing the lawyer’s identity.  I made two inconsequential changes to protect the lawyer’s identity.  Here it is:

“Mike – Please do not stop talking about this issue.  From my experience, I can tell you there is a divide between lawyers who have a problem with alcohol and drugs and those who don’t appear to have such a problem.  As a hypothetical, assume you are on the side of the divide that alcohol is not an issue for you.  Maybe you do drink alcohol, maybe you do not, but regardless of whether you do or not, it does not affect your ability to live and work in this world.  Assume I am on the other side of the divide.  I either binge drink, or drink daily, or both.  It doesn’t matter which, as the alcohol affects my mood and behavior.  You probably don’t perceive there is a divide between us, even though you suspect or know that my drinking isn’t healthy.  I know my drinking isn’t healthy, too.  I have always probably known, but I like it.  It quiets the racing thoughts and worries I have about work and my personal life.  It gives me a lift so I feel more spontaneous and social.  It helps me get outside myself, and liberates me from my self-consciousness.  Overall, though, it quiets the constant feelings of shame and guilt.  This is the divide, the sense of shame and not feeling as good a person as others.  The shame is isolating.  But, drinking and all of the social aspects of it, become an intrinsic part of your identity.  To stop drinking, means to change your identity and come face to face with the shame you have been avoiding for years.  It doesn’t matter whether the person should feel guilty or ashamed or not, they do, and the feeling can be intense.  Talking about the shame, even in a confidential relationship like a partner, spouse or therapist, is painful.  As your examples today point out, shame can be a more powerful force than the fear of dying.  My thoughts on this subject are not based on watching and talking with others, although I have.  My thoughts on the subject are based upon being on the other side of the divide.  In my experience, people on the healthy side of the divide do not see or appreciate the presence of that divide.  The folks who understand they have a problem with alcohol see the divide clearly, and crossing that divide is a struggle.  I can tell you that I saw and wanted to cross that divide, on and off, for most of my adult life.  It got to the point that I was thinking about the divide almost every day. I stopped drinking alcohol.  I had a note from a good friend, a book and a therapist who helped me.  Quitting, it turns out, was the easiest part.  Rebuilding relationships with myself, my friends and others remains a work in progress.  I didn’t expect to write all of this today, but your article struck a chord, or maybe I should say a nerve.  This is a very important issue and please keep giving it a high priority.”

Let’s bridge the divide.  Raising awareness is the bridge’s foundation.

See the source image

Onto the quiz.

Rules

  • None.  Open book, open search engine, text/phone/email-a-friend.
  • Exception – but one that is loosely enforced – #5 (“loosely” = “aspirational”)
  • Unless stated otherwise, the Vermont Rules of Professional Conduct apply
  • Team entries welcome, creative team names even more welcome.
  • E-mail answers to michael.kennedy@vermont.gov
  • I’ll post the answers & Honor Roll on Monday
  • Please don’t use the “comment” feature to post your answers
  • Please consider sharing the quiz with friends & colleagues
  • Please consider sharing the quiz on social media.  Hashtag it – #fiveforfriday

Question 1

I often refer to the duty of competence.

True or false:  a lawyer may accept representation where the requisite level of competence can be achieved by reasonable preparation.

Question 2

Lawyer and Client agree to form a lawyer-client relationship.  Lawyer and Client have never before entered into a lawyer-client relationship.  The agreement is for an hourly fee.  Which is most accurate?

  • A.   the agreement must be in writing
  • B.   the agreement must be in a writing that is signed by the client
  • C.   the scope of the representation & basis of the fee shall be communicated to the client, preferably in writing, before the Lawyer commences the representation
  • D.  the scope of the representation & basis of the fee shall be communicated to the client, preferably in writing, before or within a reasonable time after Lawyer commences the representation

Question 3

Which does not belong with the others?

  • A.  each affected client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing
  • B.  the lawyer reasonably believes the lawyer will be able to provide competent & diligent representation to each client
  • C.  the representation does not involve the assertion of a claim by one client against another in the same litigation
  • D.  the division is in proportion to the services performed by each lawyer or each lawyer assumes joint responsibility for the representation

Question 4

There’s only one rule that requires a lawyer to include a specific phrase on certain types of communications.  What’s the phrase?

  • A.   Advertising Material
  • B.   Of Counsel
  • C.   Pro Bono
  • D.   Pro Se

Question 5

As I mentioned, I often refer to the duty of competence.  For some, the ultimate in competence is the utter evisceration of a witness on cross-examination.

The O.J. Simpson criminal trial started 24 years ago today.  F. Lee Bailey, who has since been disbarred for reasons unrelated to OJ, was on Simpson’s so-called “Dream Team.”  Bailey’s evisceration of one of the investigating officers is legendary.

Among other things, during the cross-examination, Bailey got the investigating officer to invoke the privilege against self-incrimination when asked if he had planted or manufactured evidence in the case.

Who was the investigating officer?

 

 

 

Wellness Wednesday: Meet Jeff Messina

I’d like to introduce you to Jeff Messina.  Jeff is a lawyer at Bergeron Paradis Fitzpatrick.  But that’s not why I’m introducing you to him.

I’m writing about Jeff because today is Wellness Wednesday!

I like to use the Wellness Wednesday posts to introduce you to members of the legal profession who make sure to make time for non-legal, non-lawyerly things. As the VBA’s Jennifer Emens-Butler says, “pursuits of happiness.”  Links to my prior posts on lawyers and their non-lawyerly interests appear at the end of today’s blog.

Back to Jeff.

He’s in a band!

messina

Let’s get to it!

Jeff – thanks for doing this! I like writing about lawyers who make sure to make time for non-lawyerly things.  Tell us about your band & its genesis. 

I’ve been playing the guitar for about 35 years.  I started with ‘80’s metal (I picked up a guitar after hearing Randy Rhoads play Crazy Train), and in high school found Led Zeppelin, Bob Dylan, Bob Marley, The Doors, and, of course, The Grateful Dead.  So, I have played in many bands – middle school, high school, college, law school (played many nights at Dewey’s and Crossroads in SoRo), and made some money during and in between playing at small clubs in Boston, or at ski resorts in Vermont.  A big mix of venues and styles. Over the last several years I have enjoyed opening Burlington’s Jazzfest sitting in with Jenni Johnson at Leunig’s.  This current group is a four-piece offshoot of a previous five-piece GD cover band.  Regrettably, that one dissolved due to “creative differences.” (Other musicians will know what that means.) However, the bassist, keyboard player, and I moved on and reformed with a new drummer.  We play a lot of Grateful Dead, but not exclusively that material, which our name suggests: Dead Not Dead. According to our YouTube posts, we are a “Live, improvising, respectful, well-schooled rock band presenting tasteful Dead, and JGB -style not-Dead.”  What else is there?

Very interesting!  I’m struck by “creative differences.”  Maybe because this is an ethics blog that I should relate to the Rules of Professional Conduct. You’ve practiced (I think) in the family and criminal courts.  Lawyers in each practice area often contact me with inquiries on Rule 1.16 and withdrawal.  Any corollaries between the original 5-piece band’s break-up and the “irreconcilable differences” that often result in a motion to withdraw from representing a client? 

I’ve done some RFA work in the Family Division only as they relate to corresponding matters in the Criminal Division. Otherwise, I stay FAR away from the Family Division!!

In this case, I think the corollary to the Rules would be Rule 1.16(b)(4) – where at least one other member “insists upon taking action that [I] consider() repugnant or with which [I] ha[ve] a fundamental disagreement.”  Additionally, 1.16(b)(7) covers the rest because there was ample “other good cause for withdrawal…”

Good answer! Sounds like a conflict.  Conflicts of interests are tricky for lawyers. I imagine they can be tricky in a band too.  Creative conflicts over how to play a particular song; maybe even something as seemingly simple as the order of the set list at each gig.  Anything in your background as a lawyer that helps you to deal with any conflicts that arise within the band?

Interesting that you ask.  Yes, there are a lot of conflicts in a band: what to play; how to play it; when to play it; where to play; when to practice; who writes the set list; what’s on the set list – just to name a few! One significant reason that the band fell apart was my eventual reluctance to need to use my skills as an attorney to deal with band conflicts.  Lawyers have a very stressful, highly analytical, mainly left-brained job.  Frankly, I’m that way and a whole-bunch-of-Type-A in my natural state.  So, one of the reasons I have always played is that it allows me to settle into my right-brain. I’ve been doing it so long I act on instinct. To this day it is one of the few things that I don’t have to think about while I do it.   Music is my deep breath, my exhale; my meditation, if you will.  As you can imagine, then, when I was forced to act more mediator than meditator, it began to negate the very reason I was there – allowing me to decompress.  Playing for me is like taking my electrically-frazzled brain out and submersing it into calm blue water.  Ahhh…..  That stopped happening.  Herding cats is difficult.  Herding musicians is something else entirely.

The catch here is that attorneys are generally disinterested third parties in disputes.  That’s nearly impossible when it’s your band, because whether or not the specific issue matters to you, the outcome likely will.  So, I would go into “lawyer mode” and listen to the complaints, see where people agree and disagree, or try to interpret what one member is saying if another doesn’t get it.  Then, I would try to direct the conflict to facilitate the ultimate outcome, which usually most members are on the same page for, even if they don’t realize it.  And that’s the key – reading the personalities and finding the common ground, if any. But, it’s not the key if you just did it for 9 hours before you got to practice!

Speaking of practice . . . I preach competence.  A comment to Rule 1.1 says that the duty includes maintaining the skill necessary to provide competent representation.  In other words, CLE.  What’s the musical equivalent of maintaining competence? Do you have time to practice?  Or, are you able to show up at a gig and put on the show?

Practice; that’s the equivalent. But not just practicing what you already know. Learning new songs is equally important.  New songs challenge you – maybe not an individual, but the group as a whole. As an added benefit, sometimes you learn a trick or technique from a new song that can find its way into something you’ve played a thousand times.  That’s fun when that happens and it breathes new life into something that may feel rote.  Of course, it makes it easy to accept a last-minute gig opportunity if you’ve been playing with the same group of people for a while and have some well-established songs in your collective back pocket, but that is a fun thing to be able to pull off — it’s not a recipe for success.  Practice.

We generally practice weekly.  No, I don’t have the time, but I find it because this is one thing I do for me.  I’m also fortunate to own a lot of guitars, so there is one within reach wherever I am at home, and always one in the office.

I’m glad you find the time.  I’ve blogged on making time for what matters.  And music being your meditation really gets at the heart of attorney wellness. It’s fantastic that you have that outlet.

Which gets me to this:  your answers have touched on it, but do you feel like the band helps keep you grounded? Or, maybe stated differently, are you a better (or fresher) lawyer because you have an outside interest?

 I am a better lawyer because of the outside interest.  First – and this is the self-preservation aspect – it allows me to blow off steam, decompress, or whatever other applicable phrase captures the sentiment.  Then I am able to be more present and focused on client matters.  I was told early in my career by Bob Rachlin that I have to take care of myself to be able to take care of my clients.  I listened.

Outside interests are also a good icebreaker for initial meetings or tense circumstances.  Lawyers tend to see people at some of the worst times in their lives.  They just got arrested, they just got sued, lost their job, whatever.  Maybe they don’t understand the legal circumstance they find themselves in. That means they’re scared, angry, sad – the whole range of human emotion – and sometimes talking about anything other than what they are there to discuss helps them get comfortable enough to start getting into the substantive issues. Connecting on outside interests like music, vacation spots, cars, how horribly frustrating golf is, helps build trust; and trust facilitates candor.

Truth!  Bob’s a wise man who was ahead of the curve on this issue.

 Ok.  Nobody goes to law school because they’re looking for a career in trust account management.  But it’s essential.  Similarly, I’m guessing you didn’t get into music to haggle with club owners or haul equipment to & from your truck. But each is essential.  Any comparisons between law office management & band management? You know, the non-glamorous aspects of each that people almost never consider?

Like anything, you first determine your goals.  What kind of a band do you want to be – cover band or original work? (Boutique firm or JonesDay?) Get together to jam or actually try and play out?  Seems silly, but if you don’t know that, you’re not going to get together more than a handful of times before it falls apart.  Then, assuming something starts to come of the practices, is there a leadership hierarchy or is everyone on the same footing. (Partners, Associates, Staff?)  Also, a band needs equipment – speakers, P.A., microphones, etc. How much are we investing in the band, and to what amount – who owns the gear?  Also, putting aside the copyright issues (equity stake?) of song writing, how do we get gigs?  Is everyone out there trying, or is one or more persons better suited to do it? (Managing Director?)  In my experience, a band, perhaps like office management (of any kind) sees about 10% of the players doing about 80% of the metaphorical – and perhaps literal – lifting.

Well, when it comes to legal ethics, you’ve done some heavy lifting.  You often appear on the #fiveforfriday Honor Roll.  So does noted Dead Head, and Vermont attorney, Keith Kasper.  Keith has a great story related to where he was & what he was doing when he learned Jerry Garcia died.  What’s yours?

 I had just seen The Boys in High Gate about a month before the news and was working as a kitchen manager at a place called The Country Creemee in Weathersfield, VT. It’s a grease and sugar Mecca – burgers, fried clams, ice cream – all outdoor seating.  The perfect place for an early twenty-something to work, make some money, and meet girls.  Perfect. Anyway, I was doing prep and the news came over the radio.  Everyone there knew I was a Head and they just looked at me.  I was shocked. Speechless. I don’t think it’s still completely registered.

 Favorite song by a band other than the Dead that you cover:

Tough question because so much depends on the vibe at the time. If I have to pick only one, though, I have to say Small Axe by Bob Marley – we do it a bit more rock than the original, but certainly pay appropriate homage to The Lion.

 Favorite Dead song to play:

To quote from one of your favorite movies: “It’s a b***s**** question. It’s impossible to answer….It is a trick question.”

I love it!  This blog will always honor Mona Lisa Vito.

The Dead song most audiences clamor for as an encore:

 FreeBird!!! Just kidding. Sort of.  We do hear that a lot – there’s one in just about every crowd.  Once again, though, there’s not one song – not “the” song.  More often than not, however, it’s either Althea, Help/Slip/Franklins, Scarlet/Fire, or Brokedown Palace.

Last question:

Mr. Messina: do you ever play any songs by Loggins & Messina?

Ha!  I’m asked that often.  Out of principle, no.

Like the others, great answer!  Thanks Jeff!

*********************************************

Related posts:

So far, the non-lawyerly pursuits that Wellness Wednesday has featured include:

Also, before I ever imagined this column, Elizabeth Kruska & Wesley Lawrence were kind enough to take the time to discuss their interest in horse racing, Scott Mapes talked soccer with me, and many lawyers & judges shared their marathon stories.

 

Monday Morning Answers #147

Welcome to Monday.  Friday’s questions are here.  The answers follow today’s Honor Roll.

And, on Martin Luther King Day, here’s a quote from Dr. King that relates to the point I tried to make in the intro to the quiz:

 “On that day the question will be, ‘What did you do for others?'” 

(“The Three Dimensions of a Complete Life” sermon)

HONOR ROLL

ANSWERS

Question 1

In Vermont, if a prospective client meets with but does not retain a lawyer, the lawyer’s duty of loyalty is relaxed vis-à-vis the client, but another duty is not.

Which duty?

The duty of confidentiality.  Rule 1.18(b)

Question 2

There’s a rule that prohibits “qualitative comparisons” that cannot be factually substantiated.  A disciplinary prosecution under the rule is most likely to involve:

  • A.  a frivolous pleading
  • B.  a statement made during closing argument in a jury trial
  • C.  extrajudicial statements made to the press that are likely to prejudice an adjudicative proceeding
  • D.  attorney advertising

Question 3

With respect to the Rules of Professional Conduct, the phrase “acting through its duly authorized constituents” is in the rule on:

  • A.  the duties when representing an organization.  Rule 1.13(a)
  • B.  lawyers holding public office
  • C.  firm names & letterhead
  • D.  the unauthorized practice of law

Question 4

Here are 2 things I mentioned at CLE:

  1. last-minute changes to wire instructions;
  2. a prospective out-of-state client who claims to be owed money by a Vermonter, and who only communicates with you by e-mail

What topic was I discussing?

TRUST ACCOUNT SCAMS.   Here are some of my posts on scams:

Question 5 (Fill in the blank)

I often blog about Rule 1.1’s duty of competence.

Some might argue that when the answer is relevant to a witness’s credibility, competence includes knowing how long it takes to cook grits .

Proponents of that theory would assert that Vincent Gambini complied with Rule 1.1 by asking that “so, Mr. Tipton, how could it take you 5 minutes to cook your grits when it takes the entire grit eating world __________ minutes?”

20.  Vinny’s cross-examination of Mr. Tipton is here.

See the source image

 

 

 

Five for Friday #147: Under Pressure

Under Pressure.

I usually use the intro to the quiz to share a memory triggered by the week’s number.

Not today.

The staggering rates at which lawyers suffer from behavioral health issues have the profession at a crossroads.  To borrow a phrase, we are Under Pressure.  More precisely, the pressures on lawyers are not only driving lawyers from the profession, they’re killing lawyers.

Our response, or lack thereof, will shape the profession for decades.

Let me back up.

I’ve blogged , some have told me “ad nauseam,” on lawyer wellness.  My first post, Lawyers Concerned for Lawyerswas in May 2016.  My most recent was two days ago: Wellness Wednesday: an action plan.  There were at least 24 in the interim.

If the seemingly endless posts bother you, I’m not sorry.

Available data suggests that approximately 500 of Vermont’s licensed, employed lawyers are problem drinkers.  At least as many have likely suffered from problem anxiety or  problem depression within the past year.

I know, for a fact, that in the past 3 years, as many of Vermont’s licensed, employed lawyers have had their law licenses transferred to disability inactive status as did in the preceding 15 years.

I know, for a fact, that at least 5 of Vermont’s licensed, employed lawyers have taken their own lives since 2014.  I also know, for a fact, that at least 1 other died of alcohol abuse.

I wasn’t exaggerating when I said that we’re killing ourselves.

What’s this got to do with ethics?  Pretty much everything.

The first of the Rules of Professional Conduct requires lawyers to provide clients with competent representation.  Here’s a quote from last summer’s report of the National Task Force on Lawyer Well-Being:

  • “To be a good lawyer, one has to be a healthy lawyer.  Sadly, our profession is falling short when it comes to well-being.  The two studies referenced above reveal that too many lawyers and law students experience chronic stress and high rates of depression and substance abuse.  These findings are incompatible with a sustainable legal profession, and they raise troubling implications for many lawyers’ basic competence.” (emphasis added).

Last week’s quiz referenced James Valente’s fantastically competent rendition of the minutes of the Windham County Bar Association’s 2018 Annual Meeting sung to the tune of Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody.  Quite cleverly, a team of lawyers submitted answers to  the quiz using the team name Under Pressure.  

(For those of you who don’t know, Under Pressure is a song by Queen and David Bowie.  The official video is here.  The version with the Freddie I remember is here.)

Last night, reflecting on what to post today, I listened to music. As I navigated my Amazon Music app, I stumbled across “Top Songs in Prime.”  Scrolling thru, there, at #88, was Under Pressure.  I’d have listened anyway, because I love the song.  Still, seeing the title made me think of last week’s quiz.

I like to sing along when I listen to music.  And I like to be right.  Exactly right.  So, despite having listened (and sung along) to Under Pressure countless times in my life, I Googled the lyrics.

Until last night, I’d listened, but never heard. The lyrics almost perfectly describe the pressures that the legal profession is facing.

For example:

It’s the terror of knowing
What the world is about
Watching some good friends
Screaming ‘Let me out’

That’s what 5 suicides are.

Next:

Turned away from it all like a blind man.
Sat on a fence, but it don’t work.

That’s what we’ve done for years. Ignored the problem.  Sat on the fence.

Neither works. Neither helps.

Here’s the part that most struck me:

‘Cause love’s such an old-fashioned word,
And love dares you to care for the people on the edge of the night,
And love dares you to change our way of caring about ourselves.
This is our last dance.
This is our last dance.
This is ourselves.

The Vermont Commission on the Well-Being of the Legal Profession recently released its State Action Plan.  Please read it.

It’s time to fund a Lawyers Assistance Program.

I dare you to care for the lawyers who are on the edge of the night.  The lawyers who, due to the stigma we’ve imposed, are too afraid to ask for help. If you don’t think the stigma is real, read this.

I dare you to change the way we think about caring about ourselves as a profession.

I dare you to love your fellow lawyers.

Our response the State Action Plan presents a chance to help to relieve the pressure.

We have to take the chance.  Because the problem?  This is ourselves.  And, absent action, this opportunity to act might be our last dance.

Under pressure.

Image result for freddie mercury and david bowie together

Onto the quiz.

Rules

  • None.  Open book, open search engine, text/phone/email-a-friend.
  • Exception – but one that is loosely enforced – #5 (“loosely” = “aspirational”)
  • Unless stated otherwise, the Vermont Rules of Professional Conduct apply
  • Team entries welcome, creative team names even more welcome.
  • E-mail answers to michael.kennedy@vermont.gov
  • I’ll post the answers & Honor Roll on Monday
  • Please don’t use the “comment” feature to post your answers
  • Please consider sharing the quiz with friends & colleagues
  • Please consider sharing the quiz on social media.  Hashtag it – #fiveforfriday

Question 1

In Vermont, if a prospective client meets with but does not retain a lawyer, the lawyer’s duty of loyalty is relaxed vis-à-vis the client, but another duty is not.

Which duty?

Question 2

There’s a rule that prohibits “qualitative comparisons” that cannot be factually substantiated.  A disciplinary prosecution under the rule is most likely to involve:

  • A.  a frivolous pleading
  • B.  a statement made during closing argument in a jury trial
  • C.  extrajudicial statements made to the press that are likely to prejudice an adjudicative proceeding
  • D.  attorney advertising

Question 3

With respect to the Rules of Professional Conduct, the phrase “acting through its duly authorized constituents” is in the rule on:

  • A.  the duties when representing an organization
  • B.  lawyers holding public office
  • C.  firm names & letterhead
  • D.  the unauthorized practice of law

Question 4

Here are 2 things I mentioned at CLE:

  1. last minute changes to wire instructions;
  2. a prospective out of state client who claims to be owed money by a Vermonter, and who only communicates with you by e-mail

What topic was I discussing?

Question 5 (Fill in the blank)

I often blog about Rule 1.1’s duty of competence.

Some might argue that when the answer is relevant to a witness’s credibility, competence includes knowing how long it takes to cook grits .

Proponents of that theory would assert that Vincent Gambini complied with Rule 1.1 by asking that “so, Mr. Tipton, how could it take you 5 minutes to cook your grits when it takes the entire grit eating world __________ minutes?”

I got no more use for this guy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tips for Online Reputation Management

Online Reputation Management is a thing.  An important thing.  But not so important that the Rules of Professional Conduct go out the window when a lawyer manages her online reputation.

Rule 1.6 prohibits a lawyer from disclosing information relating to the representation of client.  The rule is much broader than the attorney-client privilege and applies to all information relating to the representation no matter the source.

There are exceptions to the rule.  They are:

  • the client’s gives informed consent to the disclosure;
  • disclosure is impliedly necessary to carry out the representation;
  • disclosure is mandated by Rule 1.6(b);
  • disclosure is permitted by Rule 1.6(c).

Rule 1.6(c)(3) permits a lawyer to disclose information related to the representation of client:

  • to establish a claim or defense on behalf of the lawyer in a controversy between the lawyer and the client; or,
  • to establish a defense to a criminal charge or civil claim against the lawyer based on conduct in which the client was involved; or,
  • to respond to allegations in any proceeding concerning the lawyer’s representation of the client.

As I’ve previously blogged, a negative online review is not a “controversy between the lawyer and the client” that triggers the exception.  Neither is a negative online review a “proceeding” in which allegations have been made against the lawyer. My blog posts, which includes advisory opinions & disciplinary decisions, are here:

As the headlines suggest, the posts focus on what not to do.  For instance, don’t reveal client confidences in response to an online review.  Don’t post fake positive reviews.  Don’t create a fictitious lawsuit in order to get a court to order a website provider to take down a negative review.

Today’s ABA Journal has some great tips related to online clients reviews.  They appear in Kelly Newcomb’s post How lawyers can make positive – and negative – online reviews work for them.  

Whether on AirBnB, Yelp, Amazon, or myriad other sites, I suspect many lawyers have read through the reviews before making a purchase or reservation.  Odds are, potential clients are doing the same before hiring you.  Today’s post in the ABA Journal helps to frame not only a lawyer’s professional obligations when dealing with online reviews, but the marketing benefits that come with knowing how best to manage an online reputation.

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